Srijon Mhamud Rana (@ranasrijon) • Hey
Srijon Mhamud Rana (@ranasrijon) • Hey
Publications
- It's gonna be a good day!
#$SOCIAL #TGE #SOOOOOONNNNNN
- ### **Transaction fees**
Transaction fees for cryptocurrency depend mainly on the [supply](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_and_demand) of network capacity at the time, versus the [demand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_and_demand) from the currency holder for a faster transaction.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] The currency holder can choose a specific transaction fee, while network entities process transactions in order of highest offered fee to lowest.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] Cryptocurrency exchanges can simplify the process for currency holders by offering priority alternatives and thereby determine which fee will likely cause the transaction to be processed in the requested time.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]
For [Ethereum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethereum), transaction fees differ by computational complexity, bandwidth use, and storage needs, while Bitcoin transaction fees differ by transaction size and whether the transaction uses [SegWit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SegWit). In February 2023, the median transaction fee for Ether corresponded to $ 2.2845,[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-95) while for Bitcoin it corresponded to $ 0.659.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-96)
Some cryptocurrencies have no transaction fees, and instead rely on [client-side](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client-side) proof-of-work as the transaction prioritization and anti-spam mechanism.
- ### **Anonymity**
*Main article: [Privacy and blockchain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_and_blockchain)*
Bitcoin is [pseudonymous](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonymous), rather than [anonymous](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymity); the cryptocurrency in a wallet is not tied to a person, but rather to one or more specific keys (or "addresses").[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-85) Thereby, Bitcoin owners are not immediately identifiable, but all transactions are publicly available in the blockchain.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-86) Still, [cryptocurrency exchanges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency_exchanges) are often required by law to collect the personal information of their users.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-87)
Some cryptocurrencies, such as [Monero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monero), [Zerocoin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerocoin), [Zerocash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerocash), and [CryptoNote](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CryptoNote), implement additional measures to increase privacy, such as by using [zero-knowledge proofs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-knowledge_proofs).[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-88)[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-89)
A recent 2020 study presented different attacks on privacy in cryptocurrencies. The attacks demonstrated how the anonymity techniques are not sufficient safeguards. In order to improve privacy, researchers suggested several different ideas including new cryptographic schemes and mechanisms for hiding the [IP address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address) of the source.
- going to share a grip of photos via @phaver to get my points up, non-collectible, but if anyone is interested you can always contact me for a private sale (:
- Barcelona and Hansi Flick’s camp have approved all documents for his two-year deal as new head coach. It will be signed and announced next week.
\- FabrizioRomano
- 2012, 2014, and 👇
- KING XABI.
- We will miss you Legend💗
- Good evening everybody..
- Nike. Just do it.
- **A Nice Drive™ #90**
Traits :
💎 **CAR** - Electric Sports
💎 **ROAD** - Stately Home
💎 **SKY** - Happy Clouds
Rarity: **241**/333
---------------
Each day on @club/lens I'll be sharing an unminted one-of-one from my recent **A Nice Drive™** Collection. The prices will change depending on rarity, but I want the bulk of the collection to be accessible to all 💎 The collection is based on my travels as a journalist, each piece giving collectors a unique portal to an imaginary exotic escape ✨️ Enjoy! 🙏🏾
- ## Economics
*See also: [Cryptoeconomics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptoeconomics)*
Cryptocurrencies are used primarily outside banking and governmental institutions and are exchanged over the Internet.
### **Block rewards**
Proof-of-work cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, offer block rewards incentives for miners. There has been an implicit belief that whether miners are paid by block rewards or transaction fees does not affect the security of the blockchain, but a study suggests that this may not be the case under certain circumstances.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-91)
The rewards paid to miners increase the supply of the cryptocurrency. By making sure that verifying transactions is a costly business, the integrity of the network can be preserved as long as benevolent nodes control a majority of computing power. The verification algorithm requires a lot of processing power, and thus electricity in order to make verification costly enough to accurately validate public blockchain. Not only do miners have to factor in the costs associated with expensive equipment necessary to stand a chance of solving a hash problem, they must further consider the significant amount of electrical power in search of the solution. Generally, the block rewards outweigh electricity and equipment costs, but this may not always be the case.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-92)
The current value, not the long-term value, of the cryptocurrency supports the reward scheme to incentivize miners to engage in costly mining activities.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-93) In 2018, Bitcoin's design caused a 1.4% welfare loss compared to an efficient cash system, while a cash system with 2% money growth has a minor 0.003% welfare cost. The main source for this inefficiency is the large mining cost, which is estimated to be US$ 360 million per year. This translates into users being willing to accept a cash system with an inflation rate of 230% before being better off using Bitcoin as a means of payment. However, the efficiency of the Bitcoin system can be significantly improved by optimizing the rate of coin creation and minimizing transaction fees. Another potential improvement is to eliminate inefficient mining activities by changing the consensus protocol altogether.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-94)
- wow
- Microsoft
- **Pep Guardiola** is the 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫 to win four Premier League titles in a row, making history again…
**6 Premier League**
**4 Club World Cup**
**4 Carabao Cup**
**4 UEFA Super Cup**
**3 Champions League**
**3 La Liga**
**3 Supercopa**
**2 Copa del Rey**
**3 Bundesliga**
**2 DFB-Pokal**
**2 FA Cup**
**2 Community Shield**
First manager ever to win Treble twice. First manager ever to win four PL in a row.
𝐏𝐞𝐩 𝐆𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐨𝐥𝐚, 𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐚𝐦𝐞.⚽
- ### **Anonymity**
Bitcoin is pseudonymous, rather than anonymous; the cryptocurrency in a wallet is not tied to a person, but rather to one or more specific keys (or "addresses").\[84] Thereby, Bitcoin owners are not immediately identifiable, but all transactions are publicly available in the blockchain.\[85] Still, cryptocurrency exchanges are often required by law to collect the personal information of their users.\[86]
Some cryptocurrencies, such as [Monero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monero), [Zerocoin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerocoin), [Zerocash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerocash), and [CryptoNote](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CryptoNote), implement additional measures to increase privacy, such as by using [zero-knowledge proofs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-knowledge_proofs).[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-88)[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-89)
A recent 2020 study presented different attacks on privacy in cryptocurrencies. The attacks demonstrated how the anonymity techniques are not sufficient safeguards. In order to improve privacy, researchers suggested several different ideas including new cryptographic schemes and mechanisms for hiding the [IP address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address) of the source.
- You too.
- UPDATE OVERPROTOCOL OVER BETTER TESTNET SEASON TWO (OBT S2) will end by late May which is this month. Over conversion ratio Will be done after the human verification process, Finally, OVERPROTOCOL MAINNET transition will be by early JUNE which is next MONTH!
- That's true..
- ### **Nodes**
A *node* is a computer that connects to a cryptocurrency network. The node supports the cryptocurrency's network through either relaying transactions, validation, or hosting a copy of the blockchain. In terms of relaying transactions, each network computer (node) has a copy of the blockchain of the cryptocurrency it supports. When a transaction is made, the node creating the transaction broadcasts details of the transaction using encryption to other nodes throughout the node network so that the transaction (and every other transaction) is known.
Node owners are either volunteers, those hosted by the organization or body responsible for developing the cryptocurrency blockchain network technology, or those who are enticed to host a node to receive rewards from hosting the node network.
- To commemorate the milestone with @lens/lens, we collaborated with Nic Hamilton on this special artwork.
Mint it for free on @lens/orb!
- Love to see it 💚
@lens/moonsandpeaches
- Gm Frens !!!
#BONSAI has dumped strong 📉
Time to mint some post for good prices 👀👀👀
“ Waves & Freedom “
3/3
2000 #BONSAI
- On this day 3 years ago. .
Legend Messi scored his last goal in a Barcelona shirt🙂
- ### **Blockchain**
*Main article: *[*Blockchain*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain)
The validity of each cryptocurrency's coins is provided by a [blockchain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain). A blockchain is a continuously growing list of [records](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_\(computer_science\)), called *blocks*, which are linked and secured using cryptography.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-te20151031-60)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-cryptocurrencytech-62) Each block typically contains a [hash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function) pointer as a link to a previous block,[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-cryptocurrencytech-62) a [timestamp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_timestamping) and transaction data.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-IPblockchain-63) By design, blockchains are inherently resistant to modification of the data. It is "an open, [distributed ledger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_ledger) that can record transactions between two parties efficiently and in a verifiable and permanent way".[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-hbr201701-64) For use as a distributed ledger, a blockchain is typically managed by a [peer-to-peer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer) network collectively adhering to a protocol for validating new blocks. Once recorded, the data in any given block cannot be altered retroactively without the alteration of all subsequent blocks, which requires collusion of the network majority.
Blockchains are [secure by design](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_by_design) and are an example of a distributed computing system with high [Byzantine fault tolerance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_fault_tolerance). [Decentralized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralized) consensus has therefore been achieved with a blockchain.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-decapp-65)
- Yes
- Carry on..
- Control
- GM Lens - OpenAI Day 👀
- ## Formal definition
According to Jan Lansky, a cryptocurrency is a system that meets six conditions:\[37]
The system does not require a central authority; its state is maintained through distributed consensus.
The system keeps an overview of cryptocurrency units and their ownership.
The system defines whether new cryptocurrency units can be created. If new cryptocurrency units can be created, the system defines the circumstances of their origin and how to determine the ownership of these new units.
Ownership of cryptocurrency units can be proved exclusively cryptographically.
The system allows transactions to be performed in which ownership of the cryptographic units is changed. A transaction statement can only be issued by an entity proving the current ownership of these units.
If two different instructions for changing the ownership of the same cryptographic units are simultaneously entered, the system performs at most one of them.
- In September 2021, the government of China, the single largest market for cryptocurrency, declared all cryptocurrency transactions illegal. This completed a crackdown on cryptocurrency that had previously banned the operation of intermediaries and miners within China.\[30]
On 15 September 2022, the world's second largest cryptocurrency at that time, [Ethereum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethereum) transitioned its [consensus mechanism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensus_\(computer_science\)) from [proof-of-work](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_work) (PoW) to [proof-of-stake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_stake) (PoS) in an upgrade process known as "the Merge". According to the Ethereum Founder, the upgrade can cut both Ethereum's energy use and carbon-dioxide emissions by 99.9%.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-32)
On 11 November 2022, [FTX Trading Ltd.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTX_Trading_Ltd.), a [cryptocurrency exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency_exchange), which also operated a crypto [hedge fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedge_fund), and had been valued at $ 18 billion,[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-valued-33) [filed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy_proceedings) for [bankruptcy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy_of_FTX).[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-filed-34) The financial impact of the collapse extended beyond the immediate FTX customer base, as reported,[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-far-35) while, at a [Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) conference, financial industry executives said that "regulators must step in to protect crypto investors."[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-protect-36) Technology analyst Avivah Litan commented on the cryptocurrency ecosystem that "everything...needs to improve dramatically in terms of user experience, controls, safety, customer service."[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-ton-37)
- In January 2009, Bitcoin was created by pseudonymous developer Satoshi Nakamoto. It used SHA-256, a cryptographic hash function, in its proof-of-work scheme.\[20]\[21] In April 2011, Namecoin was created as an attempt at forming a decentralized DNS. In October 2011, Litecoin, was released which used scrypt as its hash function instead of SHA-256. Peercoin, created in August 2012, used a hybrid of proof-of-work and proof-of-stake.\[22]
*See also: *[*Cryptocurrency bubble § History*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency_bubble#History)
Cryptocurrency has undergone several periods of growth and retraction, including several [bubbles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_bubble) and market crashes, such as in 2011, 2013–2014/15, 2017–2018 and 2021–2023.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-24)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-25)
On 6 August 2014, the UK announced its [Treasury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HM_Treasury) had commissioned a study of cryptocurrencies, and what role, if any, they could play in the UK economy. The study was also to report on whether regulation should be considered.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-Crypto_currencyUK-26) Its final report was published in 2018,[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-27) and it issued a consultation on cryptoassets and [stablecoins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stablecoin) in January 2021.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-28)
In June 2021, [El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador) became the first country to accept Bitcoin as [legal tender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_tender), after the [Legislative Assembly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador) had voted 62–22 to pass a bill submitted by President [Nayib Bukele](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayib_Bukele) classifying the cryptocurrency as such.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-29)
In August 2021, Cuba followed with Resolution 215 to recognize and regulate cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin.\[29]
next soon
- ## History
In 1983, American cryptographer David Chaum conceived of a type of cryptographic electronic money called ecash.\[13]\[14] Later, in 1995, he implemented it through Digicash,\[15] an early form of cryptographic electronic payments. Digicash required user software in order to withdraw notes from a bank and designate specific encrypted keys before they could be sent to a recipient. This allowed the digital currency to be untraceable by a third party.
In 1996, the [National Security Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency) published a paper entitled *How to Make a Mint: The Cryptography of Anonymous Electronic Cash*, describing a cryptocurrency system. The paper was first published in an [MIT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT) mailing list[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-17) and later in 1997 in *The American Law Review*.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-18)
In 1998, Wei Dai described "b-money," an anonymous, distributed electronic cash system. \[18] Shortly thereafter, Nick Szabo described bit gold.\[19] Like Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies that would follow it, BitGold (not to be confused with the later gold-based exchange BitGold) was described as an electronic currency system that required users to complete a proof of work function with solutions being cryptographically put together and published.
next soon
- # Cryptocurrency History :
A **cryptocurrency**, **crypto-currency**, or **crypto**\[a] is a digital currency designed to work as a medium of exchange through a computer network that is not reliant on any central authority, such as a government or bank, to uphold or maintain it.\[2]
Individual coin ownership records are stored in a digital [ledger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledger), which is a computerized [database](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database) using [strong cryptography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_cryptography) to secure [transaction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-commerce) records, control the creation of additional coins, and verify the transfer of coin ownership.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-crypto_currency-4)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-reuterspricing-5)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-6) Despite the term that has come to describe many of the [fungible](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungibility) blockchain tokens that have been created, cryptocurrencies are not considered to be [currencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency) in the traditional sense, and varying legal treatments have been applied to them in various jurisdicitons, including classification as [commodities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodity), [securities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_\(finance\)), and currencies. Cryptocurrencies are generally viewed as a distinct asset class in practice.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-7)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-8)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-9) Some crypto schemes use validators to maintain the cryptocurrency. In a [proof-of-stake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_stake) model, owners put up their tokens as collateral. In return, they get authority over the token in proportion to the amount they stake. Generally, these token stakers get additional ownership in the token over time via network fees, newly minted tokens, or other such reward mechanisms.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-proof-stake-eth-10)
Cryptocurrency does not exist in physical form (like paper money) and is typically not issued by a central authority. Cryptocurrencies typically use [decentralized control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralization) as opposed to a [central bank digital currency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_bank_digital_currency) (CBDC). [\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-11) When a cryptocurrency is minted, created prior to issuance, or issued by a single issuer, it is generally considered centralized. When implemented with decentralized control, each cryptocurrency works through [distributed ledger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_ledger) technology, typically a [blockchain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain), that serves as a public financial transaction database.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency#cite_note-12)
The first cryptocurrency was Bitcoin, which was first released as open-source software in 2009. As of June 2023, there were more than 25,000 other cryptocurrencies in the marketplace, of which more than 40 had a market capitalization exceeding $ 1 billion.\[12]
next...
Collected By WIKI
- Never ignore this when it matters.
- It's true..
- Never do it..🤫
- Yes
- Don't quit.
- Power𝐒𝐋𝐀𝐘
- Reality
- That’s why he’s the 🐐
\#leomessi
- Best time
- Calm:- Peaceful, free from disturbance or agitation.