Isabel Hanna (@isabelhanna) • Hey

Publications

see you guys
Make your own “what is Lens” mini video and I’ll create a community mash up video with them all.
so many new features on lens reaaly good
so many new features on lens reaaly good
Ready to take off
『layout.333』
Tomato Soup Proof
you think roaring kitty was big? ;-)
Take an afk break to dive into crypto-politics, anonymity, and identity. Fireside chat with @lens/simondenny (Artist and Professor at HBFK Hamburg) and Dr. Jaya Klara-Brekke (Chief Strategy Officer at NYM), at afk Berlin. May 23rd, RSVP: [lu.ma/afkberlin](https://lu.ma/afkberlin)
Introducing Lens Network. Bringing one billion users to Ethereum. Our mission is to create an open and fair social network for all. No restrictions. A place where everyone can connect, participate, and build. We believe that digital social spaces will drive Ethereum's mainstream adoption. We are making a big bet to scale Lens with Validiums and Volitions on Ethereum, leveraging @lens/zksync’s stack to achieve mainstream scale for the social network. Read more on @lens/t2world: <https://app.t2.world/article/clw6l2z0018727620mc1dq26xr2> We have opened a LIP discussion for community feedback: <https://github.com/lens-protocol/LIPs/pull/54>
To commemorate the milestone with @lens/lens, we collaborated with Nic Hamilton on this special artwork. Mint it for free on @lens/orb!
i think we need lens mobile
I guess I liked Adelaide so much because I’ve also always been the underdog.
According to a record of a meeting held by the official liquidator of FTX Digital, the common goal of the liquidator and the 11th debtors of the liquidator and the debtor of Chapter 11 were to allocate the first funds to the creditors by the end of 2024. FTX's bankruptcy is composed of two parallel independence processes: the bankruptcy protection of the U.S. Tellawa Court and the official liquidation process of FTX Digital, the reason is that the FTX accounting is "mixed together". However, the two parties of the bankruptcy property have agreed to work together, so that the creditors can make claims to any entity and ensure that the compensation obtained by any creditor is not lower than the value they deserve. In terms of personal concerns, it is good or bad for the development of the entire industry. Everything leaves time to prove it
American CFTC commissioner Caroline Pham said that CFTC has recently proposed to KUCOIN allegations that may interfere with its cooperation agencies. The CFTC and the US Department of Justice accused KUCOIN on March 26, 2024 to operate an encrypted asset derivative platform without appropriate authorization. Caroline Pham said that CFTC's approach may violate the power of the SEC and destroy the strong investor protection law for decades, because it confuses a financial instrument with a financial activity and destroys the foundation of the securities market. It can be seen that supervision has always been a vague attitude
🙀🪴 This cat is making a classic GIVEWAY with $BONSAI! I will do it manually and, as a classic giveaway, you need to do these things to participate: ☛ Follow @zurfsocial ☛ Comment your address, where you want your 5k $bonsai! ☛ Mirror and Like this post (Quote counts) ⚠️ Closing at 30th Mar 11:59PM (GMT-5). That's it, let's go! 🥳
We'll be partnering with @lens/lens on a custom challenge for S2 🌿 CTG: Anon Island launches April 2nd
g(y)m inspired by @lens/nader
hello all
hello all
In programming mode 💡🎭 #theatretech #performingarts
29 folowers is valuable to me guys
29 folowers is valuable to me guys
Crew[edit] Series creator and executive producer David Chase served as showrunner and head writer for the production of all six seasons of the show. He was deeply involved with the general production of every episode and is noted for being a very controlling, demanding, and specific producer.[26][32] He wrote or co-wrote between two and seven episodes per season and would oversee all the editing, consult with episode directors, give actors character motivation, approve casting choices and set designs, and do extensive but uncredited rewrites of episodes written by others.[58][68][69] Brad Grey served as executive producer alongside Chase but had no creative input on the show.[70] Many members of the creative team behind *The Sopranos* were handpicked by Chase, some being old friends and colleagues of his; others were selected after interviews conducted by producers of the show.[27][59] Many of the show's writers had worked in television before joining the writing staff of *The Sopranos*. The writing team and married couple Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess worked on the series as writers and producers from the first to the fifth season; they had previously worked with Chase on *Northern Exposure*.[71] Terence Winter joined the writing staff during the production of the second season and served as executive producer from season five onwards. He practiced law for two years before deciding to pursue a career as a screenwriter, and he caught the attention of Chase through writer Frank Renzulli.[33][72] Matthew Weiner served as staff writer and producer for the show's fifth and sixth seasons. He wrote a script for the series *Mad Men* in 2000 which was passed on to Chase, who was so impressed that he immediately offered Weiner a job as a writer for *The Sopranos*.[73] Cast members Michael Imperioli and Toni Kalem portray Christopher Moltisanti and Angie Bonpensiero respectively, and they also wrote episodes for the show. Imperioli wrote five episodes of seasons two through five, and Kalem wrote one episode of season five.[74][75] Other writers included Frank Renzulli, Todd A. Kessler (co-creator of *Damages*), writing team Diane Frolov and Andrew Schneider who worked with Chase on *Northern Exposure*, and Lawrence Konner, who co-created *Almost Grown* with Chase in 1988. In total, 20 writers or writing teams are credited with writing episodes of *The Sopranos*. Of these, Tim Van Patten and Maria Laurino receive a single story credit, and eight others are credited with writing a sole episode. The most prolific writers of the series were Chase (30 credited episodes, including story credits), Winter (25 episodes), Green and Burgess (22 episodes), Weiner (12 episodes), and Renzulli (9 episodes). Many of the directors had previously worked on television series and independent films.[59] The most frequent directors of the series were Tim Van Patten (20 episodes), John Patterson (13 episodes), Allen Coulter (12 episodes), and Alan Taylor (9 episodes), all of whom have a background in television.[59] Recurring cast members Steve Buscemi and Peter Bogdanovich also directed episodes of the series intermittently.[76][77] Chase directed the pilot episode and the series finale.[78] Both episodes were photographed by the show's original director of photography Alik Sakharov, who later alternated episodes with Phil Abraham.[79] The show's photography and directing is noted for its feature film quality.[80][81] This look was achieved by Chase collaborating with Sakharov. "From the pilot, we would sit down with the whole script and break the scenes down into shots. That's what you do with feature films."[79] Music[edit]Main article: Music on *The Sopranos* *The Sopranos* is noted for its eclectic music selections and has received considerable critical attention for its effective use of previously recorded songs.[82][83][84][85] Chase personally selected all of the show's music with producer Martin Bruestle and music editor Kathryn Dayak, sometimes also consulting Steven Van Zandt.[82] The music was usually selected once the production and editing of an episode was completed, but on occasion sequences were filmed to match preselected pieces of music.[68] The show's opening theme is "Woke Up This Morning" (Chosen One Mix), written by, remixed and performed by British band Alabama 3.[86] With few exceptions, a different song plays over the closing credits of each episode.[84] Many songs are repeated multiple times through an episode, such as "Living on a Thin Line" by The Kinks in the season three episode "University" and "Glad Tidings" by Van Morrison in the season five finale "All Due Respect".[84] Other songs are heard several times throughout the series. A notable example is "Con te partirò", performed by Italian singer Andrea Bocelli,[87] which plays several times in relation to the character of Carmela Soprano. While the show utilizes a wealth of previously recorded music, it is also notable for its lack of originally composed incidental music, compared with other television programs.[88] Two soundtrack albums containing music from the series have been released. The first, titled *The Sopranos: Music from the HBO Original Series*, was released in 1999. It contains selections from the show's first two seasons and reached No. 54 on the U.S. *Billboard* 200.[89][90] A second soundtrack compilation titled *The Sopranos – Peppers and Eggs: Music From The HBO Series*, was released in 2001. This double-disc album contains songs and selected dialogue from the show's first three seasons.[91] It reached No. 38 on the U.S. Billboard 200.[92] Sets and locations[edit]The Soprano house in North Caldwell, New Jersey (2006)Satriale's Pork Store (2007)Pizza Land (2021) The majority of the exterior scenes taking place in New Jersey and were filmed on location, with the majority of the interior shots filmed at Silvercup Studios in New York City, including most indoor shots of the Soprano residence, the back room of the strip club Bada Bing!, and Dr. Melfi's office.[58] The pork store was called Centanni's Meat Market in the pilot episode, an actual butchery in Elizabeth, New Jersey.[93] After the series was picked up by HBO, the producers leased a building with a storefront in Kearny, New Jersey[93] which served as the shooting location for exterior and interior scenes for the remainder of production; renamed Satriale's Pork Store.[93] After the series ended, the building was demolished.[94] The strip club Bada Bing! was owned and operated by Silvio Dante on the show, and is an actual strip club on Route 17 in Lodi, New Jersey.[93] Exteriors and interiors were shot on location except for the back room.[93] The club is called Satin Dolls and was an existing business before the show started.[95] The club continued to operate during the eight years that the show was filmed there, and a business arrangement was worked out with the owner.[95] Locations manager Mark Kamine recalls that the owner was "very gracious" as long as the shooting did not "conflict with his business time".[95] Scenes set at the restaurant Vesuvio, owned and operated in the series by character Artie Bucco, were filmed at a restaurant called Manolo's located in Elizabeth for the first episode. After the destruction of Vesuvio within the context of the series, Artie opened a new restaurant called Nuovo Vesuvio; exterior scenes set there were filmed at an Italian restaurant called Punta Dura located in Long Island City.[93] All the exterior and some interior shots of the Soprano residence were filmed on location at a private residence in North Caldwell, New Jersey.[93]
so what guys how ? can i do ? i dont know but you can help me
love to live love to like love to feel feel to lover
love to live love to like love to feel feel to lover
me isabel hanna welcome to all new lensers guys
it is isabel legacy Legacy[edit]Queen Isabella ~ Christopher ColumbusIssue of 1893 Outside of Europe, Isabella is most remembered for enabling Christopher Columbus's voyage to the New World, which ushered in an era of great wealth for Spain and Europe. Her reign saw the establishment of the Spanish Empire, which in turn ultimately led to creation of most of the nations that occupy Americas today. Within Europe, Isabella and her husband somewhat more notorious for completing the Reconquista, driving out the most significant Muslim influence in Western Europe and firmly establishing Spain and the Iberian peninsula as staunchly Catholic. Her reign also saw the dawn of the infamous Spanish Inquisition.[6] Commemoration[edit]Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic The Spanish crown created the Order of Isabella the Catholic in 1815 in honor of the queen. Isabella was the first woman to be featured on US postage stamps,[129] namely on three stamps of the Columbian Issue, also in celebration of Columbus. She appears in the 'Columbus soliciting aid of Isabella', 5-cent issue, and on the Spanish court scene replicated on the 15-cent Columbian, and on the $ 4 issue, in full portrait, side by side with Columbus. 5-cent US postage stamp: Columbus soliciting aid of Isabella The $ 4 stamp is the only stamp of that denomination ever issued and one which collectors prize not only for its rarity (only 30,000 were printed) but its beauty, an exquisite carmine with some copies having a crimson hue. Mint specimens of this commemorative have been sold for more than $ 20,000.[130] Isabella was also the first-named woman to appear on a United States coin, the 1893 commemorative Isabella quarter, celebrating the 400th anniversary of Columbus's first voyage.
Regulation of crime[edit] When Isabella came to the throne in 1474, Castile was in a state of despair due to her brother Henry's reign. It was known that Henry IV was a big spender and did little to enforce the laws of his kingdom. It was even said by one Castilian denizen of the time that murder, rape, and robbery happened without punishment.[66] Because of this, Isabella needed desperately to find a way to reform her kingdom. Due to the measures she imposed, historians during her lifetime saw her to be more inclined to justice than to mercy, and indeed far more rigorous and unforgiving than her husband Ferdinand.[67] La Santa Hermandad[edit]Main article: Santa Hermandad Isabella's first major reform came during the cortes of Madrigal in 1476 in the form of a police force, La Santa Hermandad (the Holy Brotherhood). Although 1476 was not the first time that Castile had seen the Hermandad, it was the first time that the police force was used by the crown.[68] During the late medieval period, the expression *hermandad* had been used to describe groups of men who came together of their own accord to regulate law and order by patrolling the roads and countryside and punishing malefactors.[69] These brotherhoods had usually been suppressed by the monarch, however. Furthermore, before 1476, the justice system in most parts of the country was effectively under the control of dissident members of the nobility rather than royal officials.[70] To fix this problem, during 1476, a general Hermandad was established for Castile, Leon, and Asturias. The police force was to be made up of locals who were to regulate the crime occurring in the kingdom. It was to be paid for by a tax of 1800 maravedís on every one hundred households.[71] In 1477, Isabella visited Extremadura and Andalusia to introduce this more efficient police force there as well.[72] Other criminal reforms[edit] Keeping with her reformation of the regulation of laws, in 1481 Isabella charged two officials with restoring peace in Galicia. This turbulent province had been the prey of tyrant nobles since the days of Isabella's father, John II.[73] Robbers had infested the highways and oppressed the smaller towns and villages. The officials Isabella charged set off with the Herculean task of restoring peace for the province and were ultimately successful. Indeed, they drove over 1,500 robbers from Galicia.[74] Finances[edit] From the very beginning of her reign, Isabella fully grasped the importance of restoring the Crown's finances. The reign of Henry IV had left the Kingdom of Castile in great debt. Upon examination, it was found that the chief cause of the nation's poverty was the wholesale alienation of royal estates during Henry's reign.[75] To make money, Henry had sold off royal estates at prices well below their value. The Cortes of Toledo of 1480 came to the conclusion that the only hope of lasting financial reform lay in a resumption of these alienated lands and rents. This decision was warmly approved by many leading nobles of the court, but Isabella was reluctant to take such drastic measures. It was decided that the Archbishop of Toledo would hold an enquiry into the tenure of estates and rents acquired during Henry IV's reign. Those that had not been granted as a reward for services were to be restored without compensation, while those that had been sold at a price far below their real value were to be bought back at the same sum. While many of the nobility were forced to pay large sums of money for their estates, the royal treasury became even richer. Isabella's one stipulation was that there would be no revocation of gifts made to churches, hospitals, or the poor.[76] Another issue of money was the overproduction of coinage and the abundance of mints in the kingdom. During Henry's reign, the number of mints regularly producing money had increased from just five to 150.[75] Much of the coinage produced in these mints was nearly worthless. During the first year of her reign, Isabella established a monopoly over the royal mints and fixed a legal standard to which the coinage had to approximate[*citation needed*]. By shutting down many of the mints and taking royal control over the production of money, Isabella restored the confidence of the public in the Crown's ability to handle the kingdom's finances. Government[edit] Both Isabella and Ferdinand established very few new governmental and administrative institutions in their respective kingdoms. Especially in Castile, their main achievement was to use more effectively the institutions that had existed during the reigns of John II and Henry IV.[77] Historically, the center of the Castilian government had been the royal household, together with its surrounding court. The household was traditionally divided into two overlapping bodies. The first body was made up of household officials, mainly people of the nobility, who carried out governmental and political functions for which they received special payment. The second body was made up of some 200 permanent servants or *continos* who performed a wide range of confidential functions on behalf of the rulers.[78] By the 1470s, when Isabella began to take a firm grip on the royal administration, the senior offices of the royal household were simply honorary titles and held strictly by the nobility. The positions of a more secretarial nature were often held by senior churchmen. Substantial revenues were attached to such offices and were therefore enjoyed greatly, on an effectively hereditary basis, by the great Castilian houses of nobility. While the nobles held the titles, individuals of lesser breeding did the real work.[79] Ferdinand and Isabella with their subjects Traditionally, the main advisory body to the rulers of Castile was the Royal Council. The council, under the monarch, had full power to resolve all legal and political disputes. The council was responsible for supervising all senior administrative officials, such as the Crown representatives in all of the major towns. It was also the supreme judicial tribunal of the kingdom.[80] In 1480, during the Cortes of Toledo, Isabella made many reforms to the Royal Council. Previously there had been two distinct yet overlapping categories of royal councillor. One formed a group which possessed both judicial and administrative responsibilities. This portion consisted of some bishops, some nobles, and an increasingly important element of professional administrators with legal training known as *letrados*. The second category of traditional councillor had a less formal role. This role depended greatly on the individuals' political influence and personal influence with the monarch. During Isabella's reign, the role of this second category was completely eliminated.[81] As mentioned previously, Isabella had little care for personal bribes or favors. Because of this, this second type of councillor, usually of the nobility, was only allowed to attend the council of Castile as an observer. Isabella began to rely more on the professional administrators than ever before. These men were mostly of the bourgeoisie or lesser nobility. The council was also rearranged and it was officially settled that one bishop, three *caballeros*, and eight or nine lawyers would serve on the council at a time. While the nobles were no longer directly involved in the matters of state, they were welcome to attend the meetings. Isabella hoped that forcing the nobility to choose whether to participate or not would weed out those who were not dedicated to the state and its cause.[82] Isabella also saw the need to provide a personal relationship between herself as the monarch and her subjects. Therefore, Isabella and Ferdinand set aside a time every Friday during which they themselves would sit and allow people to come to them with complaints. This was a new form of personal justice that Castile had not seen before. The Council of State was reformed and presided over by the king and queen. This department of public affairs dealt mainly with foreign negotiations, hearing embassies, and transacting business with the Court of Rome. In addition to these departments, there was also a Supreme Court of the Santa Hermandad, a Council of Finance, and a Council for settling purely Aragonese matters.[83] Although Isabella made many reforms that seem to have made the Cortes stronger, in actuality the Cortes lost political power during the reigns of Isabella and Ferdinand. Isabella and her husband moved in the direction of a non-parliamentary government and the Cortes became an almost passive advisory body, giving automatic assent to legislation which had been drafted by the royal administration.[84] After the reforms of the Cortes of Toledo, the queen ordered a noted jurist, Alfonso Diaz de Montalvo, to undertake the task of clearing away legal rubbish and compiling what remained into a comprehensive code. Within four years the work stood completed in eight bulky volumes and the Ordenanzas Reales took their place on legal bookshelves.[85] Events of 1492[edit]Granada[edit]Statue of Isabella by Felipe Bigarny; it resides in the Capilla Real, in Granada. At the end of the Reconquista, only Granada was left for Isabella and Ferdinand to conquer. The Emirate of Granada had been held by the Muslim Nasrid dynasty since the mid-13th century.[86] Protected by natural barriers and fortified towns, it had withstood the long process of the Reconquista. On 1 February 1482, the king and queen reached Medina del Campo and this is generally considered the beginning of the Granada War. While Isabella's and Ferdinand's involvement in the war was apparent from the start, Granada's leadership was divided and never able to present a united front.[87] It still took ten years to conquer Granada, however, culminating in 1492. The Spanish monarchs recruited soldiers from many European countries and improved their artillery with the latest and best cannon.[88] Systematically, they proceeded to take the kingdom piece by piece. In 1485 they laid siege to Ronda, which surrendered after only a fortnight due to extensive bombardment.[89] The following year, Loja was taken, and again Muhammad XII was captured and released. One year later, with the fall of Málaga, the western part of the Muslim Nasrid kingdom had fallen into Spanish hands. The eastern province succumbed after the fall of Baza in 1489. The siege of Granada began in the spring of 1491 and Muhammad XII finally surrendered at the end of the year. On 2 January 1492, Isabella and Ferdinand entered Granada to receive the keys of the city and the principal mosque was consecrated as a church.[90] The Treaty of Granada was signed later that year; in it, Ferdinand and Isabella gave their word to allow the Muslims and Jews of Granada to live in peace. During the war, Isabella noted the abilities and energy of Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and made him one of the two commissioners for the negotiations. Under her patronage, De Córdoba went on to an extraordinary military career that revolutionized the organization and tactics of the emerging Spanish military, changing the nature of warfare and altering the European balance of power. Columbus and Portuguese relations[edit]The return of Christopher Columbus; his audience before King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. Just three months after entering Granada, Queen Isabella agreed to sponsor Christopher Columbus on an expedition to reach the East Indies by sailing west (for a distance of 2,000 miles, according to Columbus).[91] The crown agreed to pay a sum of money as a concession from monarch to subject.[92] Columbus's expedition departed on 3 August 1492, and arrived in the New World on 12 October.[92] He returned the next year and presented his findings to the monarchs, bringing natives and gold under a hero's welcome. Although Columbus was sponsored by the Castilian queen, treasury accounts show no royal payments to him until 1493, after his first voyage was complete.[93] Spain then entered a Golden Age of exploration and colonization—the period of the Spanish Empire. In 1494, by the Treaty of Tordesillas, Isabella and Ferdinand agreed to divide the Earth, outside of Europe, with King John II of Portugal. The Portuguese did not recognize that South America belonged to the Spanish because it was in Portugal's sphere of influence, and King John II threatened to send an army to claim the land for the Portuguese. Position on slavery[edit] Isabella was not in favor of enslaving the American natives. She established the royal position on how the indigenous people should be treated by following the recent policies implemented in the Canary Islands (which had a small amount of native inhabitants), which stated that all peoples were subjects of the Crown of Castile, and could not be enslaved in most situations. She was annoyed by the enslavement of the natives by Columbus, and established a royal position on how the indigenous shall be treated.[94] There were some circumstances in which a person could be enslaved, including being a prisoner of war, or for practising cannibalism or sodomy.[95] After an episode in which Columbus captured 1,200 men,[96] Isabella ordered their return and the arrest of Columbus, who was insulted in the streets of Granada.[*citation needed*] Isabella realized that she could not trust all the conquest and evangelization to take place through one man, so she opened the range for other expeditions led by Alonso de Hojeda, Juan de la Cosa, Vicente Yáñez Pinzón, Diego de Lepe [Wikidata] or Pedro Alonso Niño.[97] To prevent her efforts from being reversed in the future, Isabella instructed her descendants in her last will as follows: "do not give rise to or allow the Indians [indigenous Americans] to receive any wrong in their persons and property, but rather that they be treated well and fairly, and if they have received any wrong, remedy it."[98][99][100] Expulsion of the Jews[edit]Main articles: Alhambra Decree and Spanish Inquisition With the institution of the Roman Catholic Inquisition in Spain, and with the Dominican friar Tomás de Torquemada as the first Inquisitor General, the Catholic Monarchs pursued a policy of religious and national unity. Though Isabella opposed taking harsh measures against Jews on economic grounds, Torquemada was able to convince Ferdinand.[*citation needed*] On 31 March 1492, the Alhambra decree for the expulsion of the Jews was issued.[101] The Jews had until the end of July (four months) to leave the country and they were not to take with them gold, silver, money, arms, or horses.[101] Traditionally, it had been claimed that as many as 200,000 Jews left Spain, but recent historians have shown that such figures are exaggerated: Henry Kamen has shown that out of a total population of 80,000 Jews, a maximum of 40,000 left and the rest converted.[102] Hundreds of those that remained came under the Inquisition's investigations into relapsed *conversos* (Marranos) and the Judaizers who had been abetting them.[103] Later years[edit]Isabella I of Castile by Juan de Flandes (c. 1500–1504) Isabella was given the title of Catholic Monarch by Pope Alexander VI, of whose behavior and involvement in matters Isabella did not approve.[*citation needed*] Along with the physical unification of Spain, Isabella and Ferdinand embarked on a process of spiritual unification, trying to bring the country under one faith (Roman Catholicism). As part of this process, the Inquisition became institutionalized. After a Muslim uprising in 1499, and further troubles thereafter, the Treaty of Granada was broken in 1502, and Muslims were ordered to either become Christians or to leave. Isabella's confessor, Cisneros, was named Archbishop of Toledo.[104] He was instrumental in a program of rehabilitation of the religious institutions of Spain, laying the groundwork for the later Counter-Reformation. As Chancellor, he exerted more and more power. Isabella and her husband had created an empire and in later years were consumed with administration and politics; they were concerned with the succession and worked to link the Spanish crown to the other rulers in Europe. By early 1497, all the pieces seemed to be in place: The son and heir John, Prince of Asturias, married a Habsburg princess, Archduchess Margaret of Austria, establishing the connection to the House of Habsburg. The eldest daughter, Isabella of Aragon, married King Manuel I of Portugal, and the younger daughter, Joanna of Castile, was married to a Habsburg prince, Philip of Habsburg. In 1500, Isabella granted all non-rebellious natives in the colonies citizenship and full legal freedom by decree.[105] However, Isabella's plans for her eldest two children did not work out. Her only son, John of Asturias, died shortly after his marriage. Her daughter, Isabella of Aragon, died during the birth of her son, Miguel da Paz, who died shortly after, at the age of two. Queen Isabella I's crowns passed to her third child, Joanna, and her son-in-law, Philip I.[106] Isabella did, however, make successful dynastic matches for her two youngest daughters. The death of Isabella of Aragon created a necessity for Manuel I of Portugal to remarry, and Isabella's third daughter, Maria of Aragon and Castile, became his next bride. Isabella's youngest daughter, Catherine of Aragon, married England's Arthur, Prince of Wales, but his early death resulted in her being married to his younger brother, King Henry VIII of England. Death[edit] Isabella officially withdrew from governmental affairs on 14 September 1504 and she died that same year on 26 November at the Medina del Campo Royal Palace. She had already been in decline since the deaths of her son Prince John of Asturias in 1497, her mother Isabella of Portugal in 1496, and her daughter Princess Isabella of Asturias in 1498.[107] She is entombed in Granada in the Capilla Real (built by her grandson, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor), alongside her husband Ferdinand, her daughter Joanna, and other relatives.[6] She requested that the body of her daughter Isabella be moved to rest by her side in Granada, but this was never done. The museum next to the Capilla Real holds her crown and sceptre. Appearance and personality[edit]Isabella depicted with darker hair, c. 1485 Isabella was short but of strong stocky build, of a very fair complexion, and had a hair color that was between strawberry-blonde and auburn. Other descriptions, however, describe her hair as golden (blonde), and period illuminations show her several times with golden or strawberry-blond hair. Some portraits show her as a brunette.[6] This is due to the fact that many old portraits from the 15th and 16th centuries are victims of a phenomenon that causes hair pigments to go dark brown. However, the statue of her in Granada Cathedral, by Burgundian sculptor Philippe de Vigarny (born in Langres, in what is now France), also shows her as a dark-haired brunette. Her daughters, Joanna and Catherine, were thought to resemble her the most in looks - both are similarly described in contemporary sources as having auburn hair, but surviving paintings often show them as brunettes due to the same pigmentation problem. Isabella maintained an austere, temperate lifestyle, and her religious spirit influenced her the most in life. In spite of her hostility towards the Muslims in Andalusia, Isabella developed a taste for Moorish decor and style. Isabella's contemporaries described her as follows: Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés: "To see her speak was divine."[108][109]Andrés Bernáldez [es]: She was "very powerful, very prudent, wise, very honest, chaste, devout, discreet, truthful, clear, without deceit. Who could count the excellences of this very Catholic and happy Queen, always very worthy of praises."[110][111]Hernando del Pulgar: "She was very inclined to justice, so much so that she was reputed to follow more the path of rigor than that of mercy, and did so to remedy the great corruption of crimes that she found in the kingdom when she succeeded to the throne."[112]Lucio Marineo Sículo [es]: "[The royal knight Álvaro Yáñez de Lugo] was condemned to be beheaded, although he offered forty thousand *ducados* for the war against the Moors to the court so that these monies spare his life. This matter was discussed with the queen, and there were some who told her to pardon him, since these funds for the war were better than the death of that man, and her highness should take them. But the queen, preferring justice to cash, very prudently refused them; and although she could have confiscated all his goods, which were many, she did not take any of them to avoid any note of greed, or that it be thought that she had not wished to pardon him in order to have his goods; instead, she gave them all to the children of the aforesaid knight."[113]Ferdinand, in his testament, declared that "she was exemplary in all acts of virtue and of fear of God."Fray Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, her confessor and the Grand Inquisitor, praised "her purity of heart, her big heart and the grandness of her soul".Family[edit]See also: Descendants of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of CastileIsabella and Ferdinand with their daughter, Joanna, c. 1482 Isabella and Ferdinand had seven children, five of whom survived to adulthood:[114] Isabella (1470–1498)[115] married, firstly, to Afonso, Prince of Portugal, no issue.[116] Married, secondly, to Manuel I of Portugal, had Miguel da Paz, who died before his second birthday.A son, miscarried on 31 May 1475 in CebrerosJohn (1478–1497), Prince of Asturias. Married Archduchess Margaret of Austria, no surviving issue.[117]Joanna (1479–1555), Queen of Castile. Married Philip the Handsome, had issue.[118]Maria (1482–1517),[119] married Manuel I of Portugal, her sister's widower, had issue.Stillborn twin of Maria.[120] Born on 1 July 1482 at dawn, sources conflict on gender.Catherine of Aragon (1485–1536), married, first, Arthur, Prince of Wales, no issue; secondly, his younger brother, Henry VIII of England, had Henry, Duke of Cornwall and Mary I of England.[121]Cause of beatification and canonization[edit] In 1958, José García Goldaraz, the Bishop of Valladolid where she died in 1504, started the canonical Catholic process of the Cause of Beatification and Canonization of Isabella. 17 experts[*who?*] were appointed to investigate more than 100,000 documents[*which?*] in the archives of Spain and the Vatican and the merits of opening a canonical process of canonization. Three-and-a-half thousand of these were chosen to be included in 27 volumes. In 1970, that Commission determined that "A Canonical process for the canonization of Isabella the Catholic could be undertaken with a sense of security since there was not found one single act, public or private, of Queen Isabella that was not inspired by Christian and evangelical criteria; moreover there was a 'reputation of sanctity' uninterrupted for five centuries and as the investigation was progressing, it was more accentuated." In 1972, the Process of Valladolid was officially submitted to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in the Vatican. This process was approved and Isabel was given the title "Servant of God" in March 1974.[122] The cause was initially stopped in 1991, one year before the commemoration of the fifth centenary of the discovery of the New World, due to her expulsion of the Jews. In April 2020, Cardinal Cañizares confirmed that Pope Francis had requested that Spanish bishops reopen Isabella's cause for canonization.[123] Some authors have claimed that Isabella's reputation for sanctity derives in large measure from an image carefully shaped and disseminated by the queen herself.[124] Arms[edit] As Princess of Asturias, Isabella bore the undifferenced royal arms of the Crown of Castile and added the Saint John the Evangelist's Eagle, an eagle displayed as single supporter.[125][126] As queen, she quartered the Royal Arms of the Crown of Castile with the Royal Arms of the Crown of Aragon, she and Ferdinand II of Aragon adopted a yoke and a bundle of arrows as heraldic badges. As co-monarchs, Isabella and Ferdinand used the motto "Tanto Monta" (*"They amount to the same", or "Equal opposites in balance"*), which refers to their prenuptial agreement. The conquest of Granada in 1492 was symbolized by the addition enté en point of a quarter[*clarification needed*] with a pomegranate for Granada (in Spanish, *Granada* means pomegranate).[127] There was an uncommon variant with the Saint John the Evangelist's eagle and two lions adopted as Castilian royal supporters by John II, Isabella's father.[128] Coat of arms as Princess of Asturias (1468–1474) Coat of arms as queen (1474–1492) Coat of arms as queen (1492–1504) Coat of arms as queen with Castilian royal supporters (1492–1504) Coat of arms of Isabella I of Castile depicted in the manuscript from 1495 *Breviary of Isabella the Catholic*
**Isabella I** (Spanish: *Isabel I*; 22 April 1451 – 26 November 1504),[2] also called **Isabella the Catholic** (Spanish: *Isabel la Católica*), was Queen of Castile and León from 1474 until her death in 1504. She was also Queen of Aragon from 1479 until her death as the wife of King Ferdinand II. Reigning together over a dynastically unified Spain, Isabella and Ferdinand are known as the Catholic Monarchs.[3] After a struggle to claim the throne, Isabella reorganized the governmental system, brought the crime rate down, and unburdened the kingdom of the debt[4][*better source needed*] her half-brother King Henry IV had left behind. Isabella's marriage to Ferdinand in 1469 created the basis of the *de facto* unification of Spain. Her reforms and those she made with her husband had an influence that extended well beyond the borders of their united kingdoms.[5] Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon are known for being the first monarchs to be referred to as the "Queen of Spain" and "King of Spain", respectively. Their actions included completion of the Reconquista, the Alhambra Decree which ordered the mass expulsion of Jews from Spain, initiating the Spanish Inquisition, financing Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage to the New World and establishing the Spanish empire, making Spain a major power in Europe and the world and ultimately ushering in the Spanish Golden Age.[6] Together with her husband, Isabella was granted the title of "Catholic Monarch" by the Spanish Pope Alexander VI, and was recognized in 1974 as a Servant of God by the Catholic Church. Life[edit]Early years[edit] Isabella was born in Madrigal de las Altas Torres to John II of Castile and his second wife, Isabella of Portugal, on 22 April 1451.[7] At the time of Isabella's birth, she was second in line to the throne after her older half-brother Henry IV of Castile.[6] Henry was 26 at that time and married, but childless. Isabella's younger brother Alfonso of Castile was born two years later on 17 November 1453, demoting her position to third in line.[8] When her father died in 1454, her half-brother ascended to the throne as King Henry IV of Castile. Isabella and her brother Alfonso were left in King Henry's care.[9] Isabella, her mother, and Alfonso then moved to Arévalo.[6][10] These were times of turmoil for Isabella. The living conditions at their castle in Arévalo were poor, and they suffered from a shortage of money. Although her father arranged in his will for his children to be financially well taken care of, King Henry did not comply with their father's wishes, either from a desire to keep his half-siblings restricted or from ineptitude.[9] Even though her living conditions were difficult, Isabella was instructed in lessons of practical piety and in a deep reverence for religion under the supervision of her mother.[10] When the king's wife, Joan of Portugal, was about to give birth to their daughter Joanna, Isabella and her brother Alfonso were summoned to court in Segovia to come under the direct supervision of the king and to finish their education.[6] Alfonso was placed in the care of a tutor while Isabella became part of the queen's household.[11] Isabella in the *Rimado de la Conquista de Granada*, from 1482, by Pedro Marcuello Some of Isabella's living conditions improved in Segovia. She always had food and clothing and lived in a castle that was adorned with gold and silver. Isabella's basic education consisted of reading, spelling, writing, grammar, history, arithmetic, art, chess, dancing, embroidery, music, and religious instruction. She and her ladies-in-waiting entertained themselves with art, embroidery, and music. She lived a relaxed lifestyle, but she rarely left Segovia since King Henry forbade this. Her half-brother was keeping her from the political turmoil going on in the kingdom, though Isabella had full knowledge of what was going on and of her role in the feuds.[12][*citation needed*] After a rumor spread that Joanna was not actually the daughter of King Henry but rather of a royal favorite, Beltrán de la Cueva, noblemen confronted King Henry and demanded that his younger half-brother Alfonso be named his successor. They even went so far as to ask Alfonso to seize the throne. The nobles, now in control of Alfonso and claiming that he was the true heir, clashed with King Henry's forces at the Second Battle of Olmedo in 1467. The battle was a draw. King Henry agreed to recognize Alfonso as his heir presumptive, provided that he would marry his daughter, Princess Joanna.[6][13] Soon after he was named Prince of Asturias, he died in July 1468, likely of the plague.[*clarification needed*] The nobles who had supported him suspected poisoning. As she had been named in her brother's will as his successor, the nobles asked Isabella to take his place as champion of the rebellion.[6] However, support for the rebels had begun to wane, and Isabella preferred a negotiated settlement to continuing the war.[14] She met with her elder half-brother Henry at Toros de Guisando and they reached a compromise: the war would stop, King Henry would name Isabella his heir presumptive instead of his daughter Joanna, and Isabella would not marry without her half-brother's consent, but he would not be able to force her to marry against her will.[6][15] Isabella's side came out with most of what the nobles desired, though they did not go so far as to officially depose King Henry; they were not powerful enough to do so, and Isabella did not want to jeopardize the principle of fair inherited succession, since it was upon this idea that she had based her argument for legitimacy as heir-presumptive.
**Isabella I** (Spanish: *Isabel I*; 22 April 1451 – 26 November 1504),[2] also called **Isabella the Catholic** (Spanish: *Isabel la Católica*), was Queen of Castile and León from 1474 until her death in 1504. She was also Queen of Aragon from 1479 until her death as the wife of King Ferdinand II. Reigning together over a dynastically unified Spain, Isabella and Ferdinand are known as the Catholic Monarchs.[3] After a struggle to claim the throne, Isabella reorganized the governmental system, brought the crime rate down, and unburdened the kingdom of the debt[4][*better source needed*] her half-brother King Henry IV had left behind. Isabella's marriage to Ferdinand in 1469 created the basis of the *de facto* unification of Spain. Her reforms and those she made with her husband had an influence that extended well beyond the borders of their united kingdoms.[5] Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon are known for being the first monarchs to be referred to as the "Queen of Spain" and "King of Spain", respectively. Their actions included completion of the Reconquista, the Alhambra Decree which ordered the mass expulsion of Jews from Spain, initiating the Spanish Inquisition, financing Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage to the New World and establishing the Spanish empire, making Spain a major power in Europe and the world and ultimately ushering in the Spanish Golden Age.[6] Together with her husband, Isabella was granted the title of "Catholic Monarch" by the Spanish Pope Alexander VI, and was recognized in 1974 as a Servant of God by the Catholic Church. Life[edit]Early years[edit] Isabella was born in Madrigal de las Altas Torres to John II of Castile and his second wife, Isabella of Portugal, on 22 April 1451.[7] At the time of Isabella's birth, she was second in line to the throne after her older half-brother Henry IV of Castile.[6] Henry was 26 at that time and married, but childless. Isabella's younger brother Alfonso of Castile was born two years later on 17 November 1453, demoting her position to third in line.[8] When her father died in 1454, her half-brother ascended to the throne as King Henry IV of Castile. Isabella and her brother Alfonso were left in King Henry's care.[9] Isabella, her mother, and Alfonso then moved to Arévalo.[6][10] These were times of turmoil for Isabella. The living conditions at their castle in Arévalo were poor, and they suffered from a shortage of money. Although her father arranged in his will for his children to be financially well taken care of, King Henry did not comply with their father's wishes, either from a desire to keep his half-siblings restricted or from ineptitude.[9] Even though her living conditions were difficult, Isabella was instructed in lessons of practical piety and in a deep reverence for religion under the supervision of her mother.[10] When the king's wife, Joan of Portugal, was about to give birth to their daughter Joanna, Isabella and her brother Alfonso were summoned to court in Segovia to come under the direct supervision of the king and to finish their education.[6] Alfonso was placed in the care of a tutor while Isabella became part of the queen's household.[11] Isabella in the *Rimado de la Conquista de Granada*, from 1482, by Pedro Marcuello Some of Isabella's living conditions improved in Segovia. She always had food and clothing and lived in a castle that was adorned with gold and silver. Isabella's basic education consisted of reading, spelling, writing, grammar, history, arithmetic, art, chess, dancing, embroidery, music, and religious instruction. She and her ladies-in-waiting entertained themselves with art, embroidery, and music. She lived a relaxed lifestyle, but she rarely left Segovia since King Henry forbade this. Her half-brother was keeping her from the political turmoil going on in the kingdom, though Isabella had full knowledge of what was going on and of her role in the feuds.[12][*citation needed*] After a rumor spread that Joanna was not actually the daughter of King Henry but rather of a royal favorite, Beltrán de la Cueva, noblemen confronted King Henry and demanded that his younger half-brother Alfonso be named his successor. They even went so far as to ask Alfonso to seize the throne. The nobles, now in control of Alfonso and claiming that he was the true heir, clashed with King Henry's forces at the Second Battle of Olmedo in 1467. The battle was a draw. King Henry agreed to recognize Alfonso as his heir presumptive, provided that he would marry his daughter, Princess Joanna.[6][13] Soon after he was named Prince of Asturias, he died in July 1468, likely of the plague.[*clarification needed*] The nobles who had supported him suspected poisoning. As she had been named in her brother's will as his successor, the nobles asked Isabella to take his place as champion of the rebellion.[6] However, support for the rebels had begun to wane, and Isabella preferred a negotiated settlement to continuing the war.[14] She met with her elder half-brother Henry at Toros de Guisando and they reached a compromise: the war would stop, King Henry would name Isabella his heir presumptive instead of his daughter Joanna, and Isabella would not marry without her half-brother's consent, but he would not be able to force her to marry against her will.[6][15] Isabella's side came out with most of what the nobles desired, though they did not go so far as to officially depose King Henry; they were not powerful enough to do so, and Isabella did not want to jeopardize the principle of fair inherited succession, since it was upon this idea that she had based her argument for legitimacy as heir-presumptive.
Finally Alone This piece represents my true nature, an introvert at heart. My alone time is sacred, it's when I move forward on my passions and get to recharge after a long day. 40 #BONSAI, 25% referral, available for 48 hours!
be carefull it is important and needed
be carefull it is important and needed
your name is on all streets
your name is on all streets
freedom is that posting lens posts without lens signes
freedom is that posting lens posts without lens signes
Trust the process ˂ Collect the process
Interstellar dub
If you are looking for a new place, optimize always for the ceiling high. It makes a big difference for your mental health.
Update on that: - Family Wallet: Beta not available on Android - Uniswap: feels much better than Metamask, but I still couldn't collect using Buttrfly - Rainbow: I used it on PC for a while and honestly didn't like it too much (strict support to other chains), I'll download it later to test it on mobile. But good news: I finally set my computer up and I'm back to collecting 🌱🌱🌱🌱🌱🌱🌱🌱🌱🌱🌱🌱🌱🌱🌱
People like to claim that funds like BlackRock run the world, meanwhile they're launching crypto-based funds with names originating from Bitcoin forum memes
Hey should add skins. Designers could share skins that users can choose. Nice monetization opportunity as well. I would not mind obtaining a skins collection for Lens apps.
maybe some new meow is good fur susus
no new not
no new not
Interesting
Traders are feeling less optimistic on a May approval. https://www.bankless.com/whats-going-on-with-the-eth-etf